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U.S. debt has surpassed $40 trillion, hitting a historic milestone, with publicly held debt approaching 100 percent of the gross domestic product for the first time since World War II.
The U.S. Treasury borrowed most of its money from global bond markets, including individual investors, pension funds, banks, and foreign governments.
Foreign officials and private investors together held some 40 percent of outstanding U.S. Treasury securities as of mid-2025, according to Brookings.
Brookings said foreign investors’ willingness to buy and hold Treasuries has direct consequences for U.S. borrowing costs, the dollar, and financial stability.
Some believed $40 trillion isn’t just a warning about the future but an explanation for the current cost-of-living crisis. …
The U.S. Treasury borrowed most of its money from global bond markets, including individual investors, pension funds, banks, and foreign governments.
Foreign officials and private investors together held some 40 percent of outstanding U.S. Treasury securities as of mid-2025, according to Brookings.
Brookings said foreign investors’ willingness to buy and hold Treasuries has direct consequences for U.S. borrowing costs, the dollar, and financial stability.
Some believed $40 trillion isn’t just a warning about the future but an explanation for the current cost-of-living crisis. …


